Integrated pest management approaches for two major carrot pests - the carrot root fly and carrot cyst nematode

Carrots are among the top ten vegetable crops in world, with an annual world production of about 428 million tonnes grown on 11.5 hectares. The investment per unit area is not high and good cultivation techniques yields up to 50 t/ha can be achieved, together major economic benefits from winter cultivation. During growing season, carrots susceptible numerous pests. most important carrot root fly (Psila rosae, Fabricius), whose root-feeding larvae reside soil or plant tissue, cyst nematode (Heterodera carotae Jones), which responsible for decline many countries requires strict sanitation measures if infected. As insecticides become less available Europe, appropriate use non-chemical methods integrated pest management (IPM) needs emphasised, highlighting importance developing new tolerant varieties. This review addresses approaches monitor predict occurrence two pests main control according strategies IPM.